The US acted as midwife to South Africa’s apartheid system, said Dr Gerald Horne, author of “US Imperialism and Anti-Communism vs Liberation of Southern Africa, from Rhodes to Mandela.” Horne, a professor of History and African American Studies at the University of Houston and possibly Black America’s most prolific living political writer, said the US Carnegie Corporation formulated “the blueprint” for South Africa’s apartheid system, imposed in 1948 as “a combination of neo-slavery and Jim Crow on steroids.”
Conservative activists have branded all race reform efforts in education and employment as CRT.
The ‘slavery clause’ made the passage of restrictions targeting Black people like the Black Codes possible as well as convict leasing of the late 19th century.
Neither the Organization of African Unity nor the African Union have been able to realize the two most important principles of pan-Africanism: political unity and territorial sovereignty.
The author examines postwar violence through the activism of Afro-Nicaraguan women and men from the Caribbean coast of the country.
Historically, most of Britain’s policing hasn’t taken place on the British mainland – it has taken place in its colonies.
