In 2006, a federal court ruled that the descendants of Black slaves in the U.S. have no “standing” to sue for reparations. However, Dr. Jahi Issa and Reggie Mabry say they have devised a new legal strategy to overcome the courts’ objections. “Slavery in the United States was immoral, but it was legal,” said Mabry. What was not legal, however, was the importation of Africans as forced labor after the outlawing of the international slave trade in 1808. Issa and Mabry claim “the bulk” of U.S. Blacks are descended from these post-1808 victims of “human trafficking” -- as distinct from slavery -- and can make a successful case for redress in court.
Conservative activists have branded all race reform efforts in education and employment as CRT.
The ‘slavery clause’ made the passage of restrictions targeting Black people like the Black Codes possible as well as convict leasing of the late 19th century.
Neither the Organization of African Unity nor the African Union have been able to realize the two most important principles of pan-Africanism: political unity and territorial sovereignty.
The author examines postwar violence through the activism of Afro-Nicaraguan women and men from the Caribbean coast of the country.
Historically, most of Britain’s policing hasn’t taken place on the British mainland – it has taken place in its colonies.
